Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a pivotal composer in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras of Western art music. His work is characterized by innovation in form, harmony, and emotional depth, influencing generations of composers. Beethoven's notable works include his symphonies, particularly the Third ("Eroica"), Fifth, and Ninth, the latter featuring the famous "Ode to Joy." His piano sonatas, including the "Moonlight" Sonata and the "Pathétique," remain staples of the repertoire. Additionally, his string quartets, such as Op. 59 and Op. 131, showcase his mastery of chamber music. Beethoven's impact on music is profound; he expanded the scope and complexity of musical forms, pushing the boundaries of expression and thematic development. His use of motifs and innovative orchestration paved the way for later composers, including Brahms, Wagner, and Mahler. Beethoven's struggle with deafness, which he faced in his later years, adds a layer of poignancy to his legacy, highlighting the resilience of the human spirit in the pursuit of artistic expression. His music continues to resonate, making him one of the most celebrated figures in classical music history.